1. Biotic Characteristics
1.1 Fauna
The major mammals found in Paros are the Hare (Lepus europeus), the griokoynelo (Oryctolagus cuniculus), and the ferret (boina Martes, especially), and the major species of avifauna are: Partridge (Alectoris chukar), Dekaochtoyra (Streptopeliadecaocto), Gkiwnis (Otus scops), Owl (Athene noctua), Gidobyzastra (Caprimulgus europaeus), Bee-eater (Merops apiaster), Katsoylieris (Galerida cristata), Stayrochelidono (Hirundo storta), Mayrotsirobakos (Sylvia melanocephala), Stachtomygochaytis (Muscicapa striata), Kokkinokefalas (Shrike senator), Koyroyna (Cornus corone cornix)Spitospoyrgitis, (Passer domesticus), Floros (Carduelis chloris), Carduelis (Carduelis carduelis), Gerakina (Buteo buteo), Aetogerakina (Buteo ruffinus), Brachokirkinezo (Falco tinnunculus), Lanner Falcon (Falco biarmicus), Nanoskalidra (Calidris minuta), Drepanoskalidra (Calidris ferruginea), Dasotryggas (Tringa ochropus), Aigaioglagos (Larus audouinii), Asimoglaros (Larus cacchinans), Columba pigeon (Columba livia), Stachtara (Apus apus), Skeparnas (Apus melba), Kitrinosoysoyrada (Motalica flava), Leykosoysoyrada (Motalica alba), Wchrostritsida (Warbler pallida), Faneto (Carduelis cannabina), Grower (Emberiza melanocephala), Tsiftas (Miliaria calandra). From migratory species are encountered fases, mpekatses, trigonia and several aquatic. (KARKAZI, 2003)
Studies have reported 25 kinds of imerobiwn petaloydwn by yperoikogeneies Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea. The moth Callimorpha quadripunctata-is a priority species for protection according to Directive 92/43, EU-due to the rare case that appears in the population size in the \’ Valley of the Petaloydwn \”-is also the reason why the region is characterized as NATURA 2000. (GPS and PAROS, 2007)
From wetlands (Butterflies, Marpisa and Marbles) are listed 8 Odontognathon items, which are quite common for Greece. (GPS and PAROS, 2007)
As about the Orthoptera, in Paros is found the stenoendimiko kind Poecilimon which presents the global distribution only on Paros and Naxos.
Regarding terrestrial molluscs, occurring stenoendimiko, the gymnosaliagka kind of Deroceras parium, which is endemic in the Cyclades and is found in PAROS, Naxos, AMORGOS and Antiparos. (GPS and PAROS, 2007)
Regarding spondylozwa there are found: the Ablepharus kitaibelli lizards and Agama stelio and Agama stelio also the Cyrtodactylus kotschyi and Hemidactylus turcicus. The water snakes (Natrix natrix) and water turtles (Mauremys caspica) occur exclusively in small wetlands of the island. Also, on the island are found land turtles (Testudo marginata). (GPS and PAROS, 2007)
In addition, there are predators in Paros as falcons, Falco peregrinus and Falco eleonorae. Due to the presence of this kind a part of the island is an ‘’Important Bird area ‘’. There are also Aegean gulls (Larus audouinii) and a pair of Eagle Hieraaetus fasciatus that are likely to mate in the hinterland of Paros. (GPS and PAROS, 2007)
1.2 Flora
The flora of Paros does not differ from that of the other islands of the Cyclades. It ranks in Thermo-Mediterranean formations of the Eastern Mediterranean and the form of the natural vegetation is mostly bushy or grassland. Grazing, building activity and fires have contributed to the deterioration of the flora of the island. Nonetheless, the bushy vegetation seems to grow, due to the abandonment of crops in the highlands of the island. In addition, pine is found only where artificially developed (reforestation). (KARKAZI, 2003)
On sandy coast of the island are found ammonitrofilous (ammonitrofila annual species) and ammophilous (mainly perennial species) plant communities. The first class belongs to the Cakiletea maritimae surrounded by a small number of species, such as: Cakile Marittima, Echium arenarium, Eryngium maritimum, Euphorbia peplis, Matthiola tricuspidata, Polygonum maritimum, Salsola kali, Silene colorata, Silene sartorii et al. species that characterize the ammofilous plant communities – which belong to the consolidation of Agropyrion juncei –class of Ammophiletea Elymus farctus and Ammophila arenaria and also the, Eryngium maritimum, Euphorbia paralias, Medicago litoralis, Medicago marina, Otanthus maritimus, Pancratium maritimum,Pseudorlaya pumila, Silene sartorii, Vulpia fasciculate.
There are several alofyta species found in plant communities such as: Arthrocnemum macrostachyum litoralis Aeluropus,, Atriplex portulacoides, Sarcocornia fruticosa, s. perennis. Also, frequently encountered types of salinity pasture, as well as annual alophilous species such as: Centaurium spicatum, Juncus subulatus, Hordeum marinum, Hymenolobus procumbens, Limonium narbonense, Polypogon monspeliensis weldenii, Plantago, Spergularia salina et al., these plant communities belong to the class fof Salicornietea fruticosae. (ΓΠΣ and PAROS, 2007)
In the meadows found, dominated by perennial species of the genus Juncus, with characteristic species: Atriplex portulacoides litoralis Aeluropus,, Carex divisa, Elymus elongatus, Juncus acutus, j. heldreichianus, j. j., maritimus, Limonium narbonense subulatus. Additionally, native and other alofila and nitroalofila types, such as: Cressa cretica, Hordeum marinum, Parapholis incurva, Polypogon maritimus, Triglochin bulbosa, while additionally can occur and types of liquids meadows and reed beds. (class Juncetea maritimi). (GPS and PAROS, 2007)
Some species of the plant communities of class Isoeto-Nanojuncetea, include Isoetes duriei, Isoetes histrix, Isolepis cernua, Juncus bufonius, j. capitatus, Lotus conimbricensis and Lythrum hyssopifolia. (GPS and PAROS, 2007)
In Paros the reedbeds (class of Phragmito-Magnocaricetea and sovereign specie Phragmites australis (water reedbeds)), are the Habitat of the butterfly Calimorpha quadripunctata (species listed in annex II of Directive 92/43/EEC). (GPS and PAROS, 2007)
In Paros, also are found boushesof Juniperus phoenicea specie, whereas the garrigue (Cisto-class Micromerietea) are the dominant vegetation type on the island. The type of Habitat \’ Chasmofytiki vegetation formations on slopes of Greece-Aegean Rocks \’ is the most popular and with the greatest diversity of vegetation in the Aegean type chasmofytikis. In Paros occurs the endemic specie of Cyclades Centaurea oliveriana. Also there are annual herbaceous plants (class Thero-Brachypodietea). (GPS and PAROS, 2007).
B) Endemic, Endangered, rare & Protected Plant taxa of Paros
The flora of Paros includes 843 taxa Pteridofytwn and Spermatofytwn. 61 plant species and subspecies are endemic, rare, endangered or protected species (table
Among them there are 8 taxa endemic of the Cyclades (Allium luteolum, Campanula heterophylla, Centaurea oliveriana, Centaurea laconica subsp. lineariloba, Muscari cycladicum subsp. subsessilis, Muscari pulchellum subsp. clepsydroides subsp. degenii Nigella, degenii, Onopordum caulescens subsp. caulescens)
24 Greek endemic, 1 (Silene holzmannii) included in the Red Data Book (The Red Data Book of rare and also plants of Greece, Phitos et al. 1995) and annex II of Directive 92/43/EEC, 18 protected by the Convention on international trade of endangered fauna and Flora (CITES), 21 protected by the Presidential Decree 67/81, (2) protected by the Berne Convention and 16 contained in the lists of WCMC (World Conservation Monitoring Center) for Greece. Three of the taxa in the table below are listed only by small islets around PAROS. These are: Anthemis glaberrima scopulorum, Silene holzmannii and Trigonella rechingeri.
| Conservation status and protection regime of endemic, rare and threatened plants of Paros | |||||||
| Taxon | Endem | RDB | CITES | WCMC GR | ΠΔ 67/81 | ΒΕRΝ | DIR92/43 |
| Aegilops umbellulata | – | – | – | R | – | – | – |
| Aethionema saxatile subsp. creticum | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Allium luteolum | + | – | – | R | + | – | – |
| Anacamptis pyramidalis | – | – | + | – | – | – | – |
| Anchusa sartorii | + | – | – | R | + | – | – |
| Anthemis scopulorum | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Anthemis werneri ssp. werneri | + | – | – | (I) | + | – | – |
| Arenaria aegaea | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Atriplex recurva | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Bellevalia hyacinthoides | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Beta vulgaris ssp. adanensis | – | – | – | – | – | + | – |
| Bupleurum euboeum | – | – | – | – | + | – | – |
| Campanula heterophylla | + | – | – | R | + | – | – |
| Carthamus leucocaulos | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Centaurea laconica ssp. lineariloba | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Centaurea oliveriana | + | – | – | R | – | – | – |
| Centaurea raphanina ssp. mixta | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Crepis hellenica ssp. hellenica | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Crepis hellenica ssp. insularis | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Crocus cartwrightianus | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Crocus laevigatus | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Cyclamen graecum | – | – | + | – | – | – | – |
| Erysimum hayekii | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Filago cretensis ssp. cycladum | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Galium recurvum | – | – | – | R | + | – | – |
| Helianthemum aegyptiacum | – | – | – | – | + | – | – |
| Hymenolobus procumbens | – | – | – | I | – | – | – |
| Iris unguicularis ssp. carica | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Leontice leontopetalum ssp. leontopetalum | – | – | – | R | – | – | – |
| Muscari cycladicum ssp. subsessilis | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Muscari pulchellum ssp. clepsydroides | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Neotinea maculata | – | – | + | – | – | – | – |
| Nigella doerfleri | + | – | – | R | – | – | – |
| Nigella fumariifolia | – | – | – | R | + | – | – |
| Ophrys cretica | + | – | + | – | + | – | – |
| Ophrys ferrum-equinum | – | – | + | – | – | – | – |
| Ophrys fleischmannii | + | – | + | – | + | – | – |
| Ophrys fusca | – | – | + | – | – | – | – |
| Ophrys heldreichii | + | – | + | – | + | – | – |
| Ophrys holoserica | – | – | + | – | – | – | – |
| Ophrys iricolor | – | – | + | – | – | – | – |
| Ophrys lutea s.l. | – | – | + | – | – | – | – |
| Ophrys mammosa | – | – | + | – | – | – | – |
| Ophrys sphegodes | – | – | + | – | + | – | – |
| Orchis anatolica | – | – | + | – | + | – | – |
| Orchis collina | – | – | + | – | – | – | – |
| Orchis papilionacea | – | – | + | – | – | – | – |
| Papaver argemone ssp. nigrotinctum | – | – | – | R | + | – | – |
| Phleum exaratum ssp. aegaeum | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Ranunculus creticus | – | – | – | – | + | – | – |
| Satureja nervosa | – | – | – | R | – | – | – |
| Sedum eriocarpum ssp. delicum | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Serapias lingua | – | – | + | – | – | – | – |
| Serapias orientalis | – | – | + | – | – | – | – |
| Silene cythnia | + | – | – | R | + | – | – |
| Silene holzmannii | + | V | – | V | + | + | + |
| Silene sartorii | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Sternbergia lutea | – | – | – | – | + | – | – |
| Sternbergia sicula | – | – | – | – | + | – | – |
| Tordylium hirtocarpum | – | – | – | – | + | – | – |
| Trigonella rechingeri | + | – | – | R | + | – | – |
(ΠΗΓΗ ΠΙΝΑΚΑ: ΓΠΣ Πάρου, 2007)
Maritime coastal Flora & Vegetation
The marine fauna of Paros is not sufficiently researched, and therefore there are not enough evidences. It is known the presence of the following species of algae in the Bay of Naoussa: Halopteris scoparia Chaetomorpha aerea, Jania rubens, and Ulva lactuca Liagora viscida. The following table shows the marine algae that have been reported in the Cyclades.
| Algae that have been reported in the Cyclades |
(underlined is the species which are often involved in underwater meadows fanerogamwn)
| Cyanophyceae | Chlorophyceae | Phaeophyceae | Rhodophyceae |
| Calothrix confervicola | Acetabularia mediterranea | Cystoseira abrotanifolia | Amphiroa rigida |
| Calothrix crustacean | Anadyomene stellata | Cystoseira amentacea | Botryocladia botryoides |
| Lyngbya sp. | Bryopsis adriatica | Cystoseira barbata | Choreonema thureti |
| Mastigocoleus testarum | Bryopsis disticha | Cystoseira crinita | Constantinea reniformis |
| Oscillatoria subsalsa | Caulerpa prolifera | Cystoseira Erica marina | Corallina granifera |
| Plectonema battersii | Chaetomorpha aerea | Cystoseira montagnei | Corallina officinalis |
| Rivularia mesenterica | Chaetomorpha chlorotica | Dictyopteris membranacea | Dasya rigidula |
| Rivularia polyotis | Chaetomorpha linum | Dictyota dichotoma | Dipterosiphonia rigens |
| Cladophora albida | Dilophus spiralis | Fauchea repens | |
| Cladophora cornea | Ectocarpus confervoides | Herposiphonia tenella | |
| Cladophora glomerata | Halopteris scoparia | Hypnae musciformis | |
| Cladophora pellucida | Myrionema stragulans | Jania rubens | |
| Cladophora prolifera | Nemacystus ramulosus | Laurencia gelatinosa | |
| Cladophora repens | Padina pavonia | Laurencia paniculata | |
| Cladophora utriculosa | Sargassum hornschuchii | Laurencia papillosa | |
| Codium bursa | Sargassum linifolium | Liagora viscida | |
| Codium tomentosum | Sphacelaria filicina | Lithophyllum expansum | |
| Dasycladus clavaeformis | Sphacelaria tribuloides | Lithothamnion crassum | |
| Enteromorpha compressa | Stilophora rhizodes | Lithothamnion fasciculatum | |
| Enteromorpha intestinales | Zanardinia prototypus | Lithothamnion fruticulosum | |
| Halimeda tuna | Melobesia cystosirae | ||
| Microdictyon umbilicatum | Melobesia farinosa | ||
| Palmophyllum crassum | Peyssonnelia squamaria | ||
| Udotea petiolata | Phyllophora nervosa | ||
| Ulva lactuca | Polysiphonia subulifera | ||
| Valonia utricularis | Pterocladia capillacea | ||
| Rhizophylis squamariae | |||
| Rytiphlοea tinctoria | |||
| Spyridia filamentosa | |||
| Vidalia volubilis |
(ΠΗΓΗ ΠΙΝΑΚΑ: ΓΠΣ Πάρου, 2007)
1.3 Coastal water quality
Quality of coastal waters
The quality of the waters of the coast of Paros is considered excellent. The fact that the nuisance waste on the coast is not significant, pays an important role, although there are some glitches such as waste that are deposited on the shores of citizens due to operating stores in those regions or because of grading from the sea, but these cases are rare (Gaϊtanis, 2007: 31).
The main beaches of the island are as follows:
To the North: Grasslands, Aries, Marcelo, Kaminia, Soyblia, Parasporos, Agia Irini, Punta.
In the West: Mean, Livadi, Logaras Beach, New Golden Coast, Gold Coast.
South: Pepper, Monastery, Kolympithres, Agioi Anargyroi, Laggeris, Santa Maria and Ambelas.
In the East: Oak, Salina, Faraggas.
For 2010, are awarded with ‘Blue Flags \’ the beaches \’ Golden Coast, Marpessa/, Logaras Beach, Punta Tserdakia (HSPN, Blue Flags 2010). It is worth noting that the award – or non-blue flag is not only related with the quality of water, but also with a series of other strict criterias described below:
Environmental education and information
- Information on the coastal ecosystem and sensitive natural environment in the coastal area.
- Continuous public information on the quality of bathing waters.
- Information on international project \”Blue Flags\” on information Board of the coast.
- Printed and posted information about coasts courtesies.
- Activities to actively protect the natural environment of the coast.
Bathing water quality
- Quality of bathing water, which is confirmed by measurements
- Non-discharge of industrial waste water
- Urban waste-water treatment, as required by EU directive
Environmental Management
- Land use Plan and environmental management
- Periodic cleaning of coast from garbage, cigarette butt etc.
- Sufficient garbage bins, which are emptied on a regular basis
- Facilities for recyclable materials
- Adequate sanitation, with controlled drainage
- Prohibition of driving vehicles and mopeds on the coast
- Prohibition of free camping
- Surveillance of domestic animals on the coast
- Maintenance of buildings and equipment on the coast
(Πηγή: www.blueflag.org, www.eepf.gr).
Safety, first aid, rescue equipment carried, services and facilities
- Trained lifeguards-or phone-direct access to life-saving supplies and first aid
- Plans for tackling pollution accident\’s immediate public information
- Safe passage on the coast and care for people with disabilities
(Source: www.blueflag.org , www.eepf.gr ).
1.4 Nature protection areas
1.4.1 Wetlands – Lagoons – protected areas
The most important protected areas of Paros are the following:
The range of Eloys Kolympithres. This coastal saltwater Marsh – regular kataklyzomeno yfalmyroy water. It is the most important wetland of the island and plays a valuable role as a station for migratory birds. Is directly threatened by the large residential area of pressure.
The lagoon of Santa Maria. The area covered by forest vegetation in good condition and is a characteristic sample of phytocommunities of the island.
The River with much with the Butterflies. Placed in the network \”NATURA 2000\”, is located in the Centre of the island of Paros, near the monastery of Christ. Characteristic of the area is a small Creek and rocky banks are covered by phrygana (Thymus capitatus, Genista acanthoclada). Also in the range of Hollies (Quercus ciccifera) and Agriokyparissa (Juniperus phoenicea). There are vines, olive trees and crops belonging to the Church.
In this Habitat, there is a substantial presence in the population of the butterfly Callimorhpa quadripunctata near Hatcher, a rare phenomenon in Greece (another example is the Valley of the Butterflies in Rhodes).
Biodiversity is of considerable interest in the region have been observed characteristic plant species, amphibians, and gastropodwn. The gastropoda Albinaria Monacha rothi coerulea and is endemic to the islands of the Aegean and parium Deroceras is a stenoendimiko kind of Paros. Other important species are the Agama stellio and Cyrtodactylus kotschy which are protected by the Bern Convention (1979), as well as by Greek law (Presidential Decree 66/81).
Unfortunately, due to the strong tourist pressure, but also the use of fertilizers and pesticides on crops is a significant reduction in the population of butterflies.
The ammothines Dryoy are also sensitive ecosystems, often hosting rare and endangered species of flora (Alofyta, iris of the sea). Causes of soil degradation are mainly the tourist pressure, such as camping and particularly the build.
2. Physical Characteristics
2.1 Geology of the area
The island of Paros has an ellipse shape, with an address of maximum axis NNE-SSW, base coinciding with the axis of the basic oreogrammis of the island. It has an area of 907 km2 and a maximum altitude of 771 m. (Gaϊtanis, 2007)
The coasts of the island are characterized by a considerable number of creeks and coves, and appear alternately rocky and sandy. On the north side of the island dominates the Bay of Naussa, while on the Western side the Bay of Paroikias.
The river network of the island, due to the significant surface spreading of carbonate formations, presents minor development. The flow of currents and streams occurs normally in the wet season and for a short period of time from the mountainous volume of Ag. Panton to the coast with following different kind of addresses
Paros belongs to Attikokykladic geo-tectonic section. It presents complex tectonic structure with 4 main geological formations and tectonic sections with particular characteristics and succession distortion modes (Papanicolaou, 1986). More certainly sections are as follows:
1. The marble section:
The marble section is the upper section of the island. The main elements that compose it are: non metamorphic rocks, such as jourasic ophiolites, cretaceous limestones and series of oligocene-miocene sediments. More specifically, this section consists of:
* Molassic deposite series composed of marls, sandstones and pebblestones. That is found over ophiolites in Western region of Naousa.
* Cretaceous limestones over ophiolites with red laterite deposites in between.
* Ophiolites, strongly Serpentinited-peridotites (Karkazi, 2003)
2. Drios Section:
The Drios section consists of a low degree metamorphic cover with permic age phyllites, crystalised limestones and meta-basalts.
The formations which are mainly found in this section are:
Phyllites, phyllite-limestone, asbestofyllites, chloritic schists and quartz chalazites.
Crystal limestones-marbles. At Cape Pyrgos are found white stripe marbles with severe fragmentation.
Metamorphic diavasic Rocks and chloritic-epidot schists (Karkazi, 2003).
2.2 Coastal morphology – erosion trends
The majority of bathing coasts of Paros consists of sandy beaches (82%), a 2% consists of beaches with pebbles, a 2% from cliffs, while the remaining 14% is a combination of the above. only 16 per cent of the coastline is not covered by vegetation, while in the remaining 84% are found reeds thicket, almyrikia, alofyta, etc. Notable is the fact that in 28.5% of the shores with vegetation, found clusters of Juniperus oxycedrus spp. macrocarpa, are a rare type of vegetation tree habitat in the Aegean, as well as other rare and endemic species. 20% are either coastal wetlands, or marshes, or lagoons. There is a high occurrence of sand on the beaches of Paros, in conjunction with the specific catchment and wind conditions prevailing in the region contribute to the formation of various geomorphic. (C. c. s. Paros Issue 1, 2009)
Coastal Geoforms
The main coastal geoforms found in Paros are as follows:
Dunes: small hills of sand that is usually found in coastal areas and created by the processes of erosion and deposition of sand in the coastal zone. Appear in 24% of the coast of Paros.
Tompolo: Coastal geomorphy the creation of which is due to the existence of the island near the coastline, related with sandy material, and the refraction of waves on the island and power set to precipitate. Appear in 2% of the coast of Paros.
Semi moon sand formations (beach cups): Successions of hollow and rachewn, being taxithetisi of particle material from which consist (relatively thicker material is dropped in the backs, the thinner to the hollow). Their formation due to the waves.
Concentrated Sandy coastal Zones (berms): characteristic formations consisting of krokaloammwdeis zones with usually concentrated form, where their lithologiki composition is all kokkometrikwn gradients sand, pebbles and other mikrothrasmata of the coastal zone.
Aktolithoi: this is a special petrologikoys formations found in shores-inside and outside-recent geological age (olokainikis), consisting of sand and materials such as pebbles, latypes, sands and varied egkleismata who welded together by means of adhesives calcite or aragwniti.
Combination of beach cups, berms, and beach rocks appear in 14% of the coast of Paros.
(Γ.Π.Σ Πάρου, 2009: 125)
The erosion processes in Paros are accelerated and strengthened by the lack of vegetation, the heavy rainfall but also by human interventions. Especially during the heavy rainfall in 2003 some landslide phenomena observed mainly along the roads and residential areas. These phenomena relate mainly to minor slippages, shallow Rotary and mikrokataptwseis of rock masses, but did not cause serious damage to both the municipal and provincial roads.
Corrosion Trends
In Paros there are some areas with different degree of risk of erosion. The catchment basins of the northern and North-East part of the island have a high degree of risk to corrosion while catchment basins to the East of the island very high. This is due to the fact that in Northern and eastern side of the island are the most vulnerable geological formations (Aloybia, Mollassa, Schistolithoi) while in the southern part is mainly Crystal asbestolithoi.
2.3 Winds and waves
PAROS is classified in the \’ type \’ of \’ temperate land Mediterranean climate \”.
Even the cold time of year is characterized by mild climatic phenomena, while Frost, hail, and snow are rare. The hot season – May to September- is characterized by average temperature 20-25 C, almost total lack of rainfall, and Northern (38.1%) and NE (15.9%) or NW (13%) winds. The percentage of apnea in the region is almost zero. (Gaϊtanis, 2007)
PAROS airport operated weather station which allows us to have the following elements arising from comments from the years 1975-1995:
The main characteristic of wind data from the meteorological station of the island is the virtually complete absence of strong winds and very high tension. The following tables presents the wind elements, such as are recorded in M.S.
| Πίνακας Α.3.1.1.4.δ1: Μέση ετήσια συχνότητα κατεύθυνσης και έντασης των ανέμων (%) | ||||||||||
| Beaufort | Β | ΒΑ | Α | ΝΑ | Ν | ΝΔ | Δ | ΒΔ | Άπνοια | Σύνολο |
| 0 | 0,1 | 0,10 | ||||||||
| 1 | 2,2 | 2,1 | 0,1 | 0,3 | 1,3 | 0,5 | 2,6 | 3,3 | 12,6 | |
| 2 | 6,2 | 4,8 | 0,5 | 1,0 | 2,4 | 2,2 | 2,9 | 4,9 | 25,0 | |
| 3 | 7,3 | 4,2 | 0,2 | 1,5 | 1,7 | 2,3 | 0,9 | 2,9 | 21,1 | |
| 4 | 7,9 | 2,7 | 0,2 | 1,6 | 1,0 | 1,9 | 0,3 | 0,9 | 16,7 | |
| 5 | 7,8 | 1,2 | 0,1 | 1,3 | 0,5 | 1,6 | 0,2 | 0,5 | 13,1 | |
| 6 | 4,6 | 0,4 | 0,0 | 0,9 | 0,1 | 0,8 | 0,1 | 0,2 | 7,2 | |
| 7 | 2,0 | 0,1 | 0,0 | 0,5 | 0,1 | 0,2 | 0,0 | 0,1 | 3,1 | |
| 8 | 0,5 | 0,1 | 0,0 | 0,2 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,8 | |
| 9 | 0,1 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,2 | |
| 10 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | |
| >11 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | |
| ΣΥΝΟΛΟ | 38,8 | 15,8 | 1,3 | 7,5 | 7,1 | 9,6 | 7,1 | 12,8 | 100,0 | |
| Πηγή: Ε.Μ.Υ., Περίοδο αναφοράς 1975-1995 |
| Πίνακας Α.3.1.1.4.δ2: Ανεμολογικά στοιχεία | |||
| Μήνας | Ημέρες με ένταση ανέμου > 6Β | Ημέρες με ένταση ανέμου > 8Β | Επικρατούσα διεύθυνση ανέμων |
| Ιανουάριος | 9,9 | 1,5 | Β |
| Φεβρουάριος | 9,4 | 1,2 | Β |
| Μάρτιος | 7,3 | 1,2 | Β |
| Απρίλιος | 5,1 | 0,8 | Β |
| Μάιος | 2,5 | 0,2 | Β |
| Ιούνιος | 1,5 | 0,1 | Β |
| Ιούλιος | 4,0 | 0,0 | Β |
| Αύγουστος | 2,7 | 0,0 | Β |
| Σεπτέμβριος | 3,1 | 0,1 | Β |
| Οκτώβριος | 5,4 | 0,3 | Β |
| Νοέμβριος | 6,2 | 0,6 | Β |
| Δεκέμβριος | 7,9 | 1,0 | Β |
| Μέσος όρος | 5,4 | 0,6 | |
| Πηγή: Ε.Μ.Υ., Γενικό Κλιματολογικό – Περίοδο αναφοράς 1975-1995 |
Based on more detailed elements of the meteorological station of Paros, which exported from comments from the years 1975-1995, shows that greater frequency of appearance (i.e. 38,8%) have the Northern winds with intensity from 1 to 9 Bf.
Followed by NE with intensity from 1 to 8 Bf and frequency 15,8%, SW with intensity from 1 to 7 Bf and frequency of 12.8% and then the SOUTHWEST with intensity from 1 to 7 Bf and incidence of 9,6%. The SE the South, and West winds are nearly the same frequency there annually with 7.5, 7.1 and 7.1% respectively. The eastern winds are those with the lowest incidence equal to 1.3%, while the apnea appears with almost zero incidence, i.e. 0.1%. (Γ.Π.Σ Πάρου, 2009).
3. Socio-economic Characteristics
3.1 Demographic description
PAROS is the fourth largest island in the Cyclades Prefecture with an area of 196 75 sq km. and has a population of 12.853 inhabitants. (http://www.ypai.gr/), Ministry of the Aegean and Island policy)
The municipality of Paros, consists of the Municipal communities of Paroikias (agglomeration Parikia is the base of the municipality), Naousas, and the local communities:
- Agkairias
- Archilohu
- Kostu
- Lefkon (municipality of Paros, www.paros.gr)
Overall, has 57 settlements (Karkazi, 2003)
3.2 Human activities – employment
After a downward trend (-13.6%) that was apparent in the evolution of the population of municipality of Paros in the 1961-1971, since the course notes is upward. Overall, the period 1971-2001 increased by 89,68%, reaching their 2001 12853 inhabitants from 249 was in 1971. The corresponding increase in the population throughout the County, at the same time, and in the region of 30,44% Southern Aegean 45,98%. (GPS and PAROS, 2007)
The corresponding rates of increase in population in the municipality of Paros in the 1971-1981, 1981-1991, 1991-2001, are, 16,31% ,21,70 %and% 34,01%, respectively.
A significant increase was presented during the period 1971-2001, about the municipal district of Parian (115,02%), as well as of Naoussa (128,97%). To other municipal districts, the population increased greatly and only a part of W.W Leykon presented a slight increase (2,82%).
The population of the island is not stable for all the seasons of the year. Presents a large seasonal fluctuations, due to the strong tourist development of the region. This is mainly the months May, June, July, August, September and October, when concentrate most arrivals. The month that presents the greatest population concentration is Augustus. (Gaϊtanis, 2007)
Population change in municipal departments
During the Decade 1971-1981, the population of the Municipal departments of Paro was increasing [a1]-with an exception of those of Kostou and Leukon-while Naoussa presented the largest percentage (30,48). In contrast, during the next decade (1981-1991), the population increased to all west Paro, particular interest have shown those of Kostou (44,27%) and Lekon (33,13). During the decade 1991-2001 the west of Paros (51,43%) and Naousis (43,46%) noted significant increases and reductions. While at Leukon population is reduced by 12,27%. (ΓΠΣ and PAROS, 2007)
With regard to the composition of the population of the municipality of Paros, the percentage of the productive population (15-64 years) amounts to 67,22% (2001 Census). Compared with the respective percentages of Cyklades (66,48%) and the region of South Aegean (68,78%), it seems to have no special difference. The same image is shown in the previous census of 1991, with a difference on the productive population which compared with that of 1991- appears today increased as their respective percentages in the municipality of Paros (65,17%) of Cyklades (64,56%) and in the region (65,71).
In the municipality of Paros, the percentage of child population (0-14 years), is 18,49% (2001 Census) of the total population, exceeding by a small percentage of that of Cyclades (16,16%) and the region of South Aegean (17,46).
The 14,29%. of the population that lives in the municipality of Paros is over 65 years old (elderly population), less than the entire Prefecture, (17,45%), but biger in relation to the region of South Aegean (13,80%).
It is worth noting that in 1991 the proportion of the children’s population of Paros, compared with that of Cyclades and the region of South Aegean is greater, while the proportion of elderly population is approximately the same.
In terms of population density-i.e. How densely populated or sparsely populated is a region-we see that the Paro has greater density in relation to both the Cyclades (0,044 people/acre) and the region of South Aegean (0,057 people/acre).
Πίνακας 1: Διακύμανση του πληθυσμού μεταξύ 1961-2001
|
Δήμοι / Κοινότητες
|
Πληθυσμός |
% Μεταβολή |
|||||||
|
1961 |
1971 |
1981 |
1991 |
2001 |
1961/71 |
1971/81 |
1981/91 |
2001/ |
|
|
Δ. Πάρου |
3.030 |
2.703 |
3.312 |
3.838 |
5812 |
-10,8 |
22,5 |
15,9 |
51,43 |
|
Κ. Αγκαιριάς |
578 |
545 |
629 |
792 |
981 |
-5,7 |
15,4 |
25,9 |
23,86 |
|
Κ. Αντιπάρου |
631 |
538 |
635 |
819 |
-14,7 |
18 |
29 |
||
|
Κ. Αρχίλοχου |
677 |
601 |
643 |
801 |
910 |
-11,2 |
7 |
24,6 |
13,61 |
|
Κ. Κώστου |
347 |
277 |
253 |
365 |
374 |
-20,2 |
-8,7 |
44,3 |
2,46 |
|
Κ. Λευκών |
972 |
744 |
655 |
872 |
765 |
-23,5 |
-12 |
33,1 |
-12,27 |
|
Κ. Μαρπήσσης |
745 |
584 |
664 |
813 |
984 |
-21,6 |
13,7 |
22,4 |
21,03 |
|
Κ. Ναούσης |
1.481 |
1.322 |
1.725 |
2.110 |
3027 |
-10,7 |
30,5 |
22,3 |
43,46 |
|
Πάρος |
8.461 |
7.314 |
8.516 |
10.410 |
12853 |
-13,6 |
16,4 |
22,2 |
34,01 |
|
Ν. Κυκλάδων |
99.959 |
86.337 |
88.560 |
94.005 |
112615 |
-13,6 |
2,6 |
6,1 |
20 |
(Πηγη: Δίκτυο Αειφόρων νήσων ΔΑΦΝΗ – Πάρος. (Γαϊτάνης, 2007)
Πίνακας 3: Διακύμανση του πληθυσμού της Πάρου κατά τη διάρκεια του έτους
|
Μήνες |
Αριθμός Τουριστών |
|
Ιανουάριος |
0 |
|
Φεβρουάριος |
0 |
|
Μάρτιος |
2700 |
|
Απρίλιος |
16200 |
|
Μάιος |
18900 |
|
Ιούνιος |
27000 |
|
Ιούλιος |
40500 |
|
Αύγουστος |
54000 |
|
Σεπτέμβριος |
21600 |
|
Οκτώβριος |
10800 |
|
Νοέμβριος |
0 |
|
Δεκέμβριος |
0 |
ΑριθμόςΤουριστών (Γαϊτάνης, 2007) ([a1]καποδιστριακή).
|
ΠΙΝΑΚΑΣ Α.2.1.3 – Πληθυσμιακή πυκνότητα |
||||
|
ΔΗΜΟΤΙΚΑ ΔΙΑΜΕΡΙΣΜΑΤΑ |
ΜΟΡΦΗ ΑΝΑΓΛΥΦΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΕΔΑΦΟΥΣ |
ΠΛΗΘΥΣΜΟΣ 2001 |
ΕΚΤΑΣΗ (στρέμματα) |
ΠΛΗΘΥΣΜΙΑΚΗ ΠΥΚΝΟΤΗΤΑ |
|
Δ.Δ.Πάρου |
Η |
5.812 |
59.126 |
0,098 |
|
Δ.Δ.Αγκαιριάς |
Η |
981 |
32.575 |
0,030 |
|
Δ.Δ.Αρχιλόχου |
Η |
910 |
13.525 |
0,067 |
|
Δ.Δ.Κώστου |
Π |
374 |
14.225 |
0,026 |
|
Δ.Δ.Λευκών |
Ο |
765 |
30.000 |
0,026 |
|
Δ.Δ.Μάρπησσας |
Η |
984 |
17.837 |
0,055 |
|
Δ.Δ.Ναούσης |
Π |
3.027 |
29.020 |
0,104 |
|
ΔΗΜΟΣ ΠΑΡΟΥ |
12.853 |
196.308 |
0,065 |
|
|
Ν. ΚΥΚΛΑΔΩΝ |
112.615 |
2.571.691 |
0,044 |
|
|
ΠΕΡΙΦΕΡΕΙΑ Ν. ΑΙΓΑΙΟΥ |
302.686 |
5.285.986 |
0,057 |
3.3 Land uses
The economically active citizens in the municipality of Paros (2001 Census) with 5.228, of which the employees are the 90,13% (4,227 in absolute numbers) and the unemployed the 9,87% (516 in absolute numbers).
The dominant productive sector on the island is centralises the tertiary as 54,88% of employees, then followed by the secondary sector is consolidating the 28,84% and finally the primary with 12,08% in total of the workers.
In relation to the distribution of employees 3 niches each Burgh (2001 Census), the diversification is minimal. Dominant sector is subordinate to all municipal departments with the exception of that of Leukon, where there is the secondary. Archilochoy and Marpissas. In addition, municipal departments of, Marpissas, Agkairias, Archilochoy and Kostoy are the highest rates in the primary sector.
In the municipality of Paros, the industry that shows a remarkable concentration of employees (2001 Census) is that of the structures, while also a satisfactory percentage of workers employed in hotels and restaurants as well as in wholesale and retail trade, repair of cars, trucks, motorcycles and personal and household goods.
It is worth noting that both in the municipality of Paros in the Cyclades Prefecture as well as a significant percentage of workers employed in farming, livestock, forestry, fishing and hunting.
In Detail:
* Primary industry: the industry of agriculture, livestock, hunting and forestry and fisheries has considerably more dynamic than the mining and quarrying industry.
* Secondary sector of production: dominant industry in this sector is construction. All municipal districts, the percentage of employees who collect is high. In the municipal departments of whites and Kostou, it is the leading industry, with more employees than all the rest. It is worth noting however that in Leukon, Marpissas and Archilochoy are also high rates of employees, and in the manufacturing sector.
* Tertiary industry: the industry of hotels and restaurants is the dominant, but also important is the branch of trade. In the municipal district of Naoussa, the percentage of employees covered by the industry of hotels and restaurants not only makes the predominate in the region, but is also the highest rate in the industry for the entire municipality. In Paro and Marpissas also accumulates sufficient percentage of workers in the sector. Regarding the sector of trade, it should be noted that the largest concentration of employees on the Paro. Nonetheless the differences per municipal district are not significant.
In addition, with regard to the differences in employment between the two sexes, it is worth noting that women amount to 32,31% (2001 Census) in relation to the total number of employees in Paro, with classes of hotels and restaurants, financial intermediaries and real estate management in education, health and social care to record the highest participation rates of female to male.
The unemployment rate in Paro (Census 2001), arrives at 6.4%, slightly lower than that of Cyclades (6,55%) and much lower than the region of South Aegean (10,58%) also, the rate of female unemployment is quite low (3,78%) and youth unemployment is even lower (2.73%).
With regard to the rate of unemployment in individual municipal districts of the municipality, the highest rate recorded in those of Agkairias (7,41%) and Marpissas (7,14) in the municipal departments Kostou (3.79%) and Leukon (3,77%), the corresponding percentages are much lower and at the others is moving at approximately the same level as that of Paro.
Unemployment has been a significant increase: from 1.56% (1991), amounted to 6.4% (2001). In the prefecture and the region is increasing and from 2,68% and 2.79% (1991), amounted to 6,55% and 10,58% (2001).
3.4 Development trends
Paros, although it is considered as one of the most \’ developed \’ islands of the Cyclades, with a population that shows not just to leave the island but has increased by 90% in the thirty years 1971-2001. Enjoying a high standard of living compared with the rest of the Prefecture of Cyclades and the Aegean region and a correspondingly high level of education, one would expect a population with such a dynamic is able to \’ break \’ monoculture of tourism which has delivered our islands. But that is only partially true.
Residents of Paros in great majority are employed in the tertiary sector (particularly tourism), with a very small percentage to be employed in the primary sector, and almost 1/3 of the population is employed in the secondary sector of the economy (processing/construction).
In detail, the primary sector (agriculture-livestock farming-fishing) employs 12% of the economically active population, the secondary sector (mainly processing/construction) 29%, while the tertiary sector (hotels, trade, catering, recreation) employs 55% of economically active inhabitants. Agricultural production is focused in grapes, barley, olives and tomato, but it is a successor of the ΚΑΠ. Fishing appears to be the most dynamic sector of the primary sector in PAROS, while tourism displays extremely high growth rates, but having significant effects (and due to development of b ’ residence) in natural and cultural resources of the island. (ΓΠΣ Paro, 2009)
We see that the economic development of Paro is directly related to tourism, creating a relationship of dependency which has impact on the environment, but – possibly-obliterating the cultural heritage of the residents. This economic dependence on tourism seems to be somewhat mitigated thanks to the existence of a potential secondary sector (29%, primarily processing/construction), a dynamic that is not surprising given the fact that Paros is a very popular site, second residence, but also the history of the past and its rich natural capital (marbles).
The primary sector occupies a 12% of the population, and focuses mainly on fish but also in grapes, barley, olives and tomato, but being in this ΚΑΠ dependency. It is worth noting that Paros is declared as Designation of Higher Quality Origin zone of wine and are cultivated two varieties: Monemvasia (white wine) and Mandilaria (red wine). Employment in primary sector rarely is exclusive, and citizens supplement their income shakers in the tourism sector. (Gaϊtanis, 2007: 9)
In conclusion, the economic development of the island is directly linked to and dependent on tourism as regards production, the tertiary sector and the ΚΑΠ with regard to the primary. The secondary sector is not directly dependent on tourism or the ΚΑΠ, but being part of the local-economy indirectly influenced by the other two sectors because of economic interdependence that exists more in small venues such as Paros, but on a larger scale (Cyclades, the islands of the Aegean, Greece).
It should be noted that tourism in PAROS, as in the rest of Greece, is like a \’ fruit \’ which thrives only in the summer, overloading the island both demographic and environmentaly during the summer, and turning the island into a dessert during the winter. Given the fact that the economy of Paros is directly dependent on tourism, the development of alternative forms of tourism (not just during the summer time) could have significant prospects, particularly as regards sports, educational and cultural tourism.
3.5 Substainability in the development of the area (present and predictions)
Paros is one of the most \’ developed \’ islands of the Cyclades. Due to the fact that it has become in recent years internationally recognized as tourist destination but also region b’ residence for residents of Athens and not only the region\’s economic prospects have improved considerably. The key economic elements of the island are course, tourism, construction (area b’ residence) and the standardization and promotion of local wines.
The primary sector (agriculture-livestock farming-fishing) employs 12% of the economically active population, the secondary sector (mainly processing/construction) 29%, while the tertiary sector (hotels, trade, catering, recreation) employs 55% of economically active inhabitants. Agricultural production is focused in grapes, barley, olives and tomato, but it is a successor of the ΚΑΠ. Fishing appears to be the most dynamic sector of the primary sector in Paros, while tourism displays extremely high growth rates, but significant effects (due to development of b ’ residence) in natural and cultural resources of the island
Due to the fact that the economy of Greece developed rapidly, the population is not only leaving the island, but has increased by 90% in the thirty years 1971-2001 (over 30% of the Cyclades and 46% of the region of South Aegean. The educational level of its inhabitants is high, while the standard of living was also high in proportion to the Prefecture and the region, with adequate infrastructure. There is also a large number of clubs, associations and cooperatives strengthening conditions for economic and cultural networking of the island.
According to the study of ΓΠΣ Paro (2009), Paros has positive basis for more rational (towards monoculture of tourism) exploitation of the natural, cultural and human resources of the island \’. Cultural and historic heritage of the island is also entitled to the care and attention of the State, but the development orientation of Paro leaves unaffected the environment of the island.
In Paros, due to the specific direction that the island\’s economy has taken, it suffers from serious environmental impacts. There are important ecosystems (lagoons, Santa Maria and Alyki Agkairias, ammothines in Moloy and in Latzeri Bay) which despite their significance are not located under a regime of protection. There is also a problem of quality (not quantity) of water in some areas (Naoussa, Parikia) due to overexploitation of aquifers during the season, with the result that it is suitable for human consumption. Also it should be noted that with proper management and recovery, water resources of the island may be sufficient to cover the needs of the population up to 2040, when the population will have increased by 27.5%.
Due to the fact that the Paros has become a popular area b ’ dwellings, but also because tourist holding is pronounced outside the building plan, especially for the adjacent to the aigialo non-forest areas, altering the natural character of the coastal zone. There is also intense noise pollution especially during the summer months, while the need is immediate expansion of the treatment of liquid waste and other settlements that are not linked to any of the existing ΕΕΛ and due to the increased tourist character worthy of such management.
It should be noted that tourism in PAROS, as in the rest of Greece, is like a \’ fruit \’ which thrives only in the summer, overloading the island both demographic and environmentally during the summer, and turning the island into a dessert during the winter. Given the fact that the economy of Paros is directly dependent on tourism, the development of alternative forms of tourism (not just during the summer time) could have significant prospects, particularly as regards sports, educational and cultural tourism.
On the primary sector of production, particularly agriculture, which is a successor of the ΚΑΠ, is an immediate priority the preservation of existing items, and for reasons of social economy of the island but also to prevent the change of use on existing agricultural land. Priority to the preservation of the land use have the irrigated land, wine and traditional olive groves.
It should be noted the positive elements of the island in relation to the protection of the environment, such as the fact that forest and land semi-forests and the anadaswtees shall cover a significant percentage of the total land area of the municipality, which shows that there is a certain awareness by local authorities and residents. There are also two areas integrated in the network \”Nature 2000\” while the whole of the island has been declared as \’ place of Natural Beauty that needs State protection \”(FEK 1455/b/9.12.75).
Also, in accordance with Regulation EK1405/2006, which is valid from 1/01/2007 and covers the whole of the Aegean and extension and Paros, provide for special care in support of vine-growing and in particular the granting of aid for the cultivation of vines for the production of quality wines (wine O.P.A.P. \’ Paros \’ varieties \’ Mandilaria \’ and \’ Monemvasia \’), as well as measures to strengthen the traditional cultivation of olive grovesin order to maintain production potential and to preserve the landscape and the natural environment.
4. Environment / Resources Management
4.1 Water management – consumption paterns
The abstraction in Paros carried out primarily by drilling the hydrogeological basins of the island, the majority of whom are located in regions: Elita, Marathi and Xiropotamos covering 82% of the needs of the island. An important job was the installation of desalination plant in 2002, in Naoussa, which operates in 50% of the capacity during the winter and 100% during the summer. This difference in capacity, due to the fact that the water on the island is enought during the winter, but sharply problems of quality and quantity, occur during the summer months when the needs are increasing due to increased tourist traffic – especially in areas such as Parikia and Naoussa calculated that the total population of peak periods is 35000 people per day. Characteristics indicate that the demand for water at least triple over the summer months. The largest consumption in Parikia, which has the biggest problems of lack of water during the summer months along with Naoussa.
A serious problem is the fact that water outflows are increasing while the inputs during the winter months are diminishing. At the same time, many problems are emerging in the catchment of the island. On the one hand, those that are used in an exhaustive manner, there is a fall of the piezometriki level, whereas those bordering the sea there is salinization of groundwater due to the continued and full water abstraction. In addition, there are few wells which are dry or suffered severe microbial pollution due to the bothrwn function. However, the policy management in island invests in underground currents while trying to avoid the dependency from the rain. Towards this direction were initiated and proposals relating to the manufacture of reservoir, abandoned due to protests of the residents of the proposed areas.
In general, we observe that the average water inflows – output continuously decline, declining groundwater levels and quality of fresh water is getting worse. (Gaϊtanis, 2007: 37)
In addition to the problems of water sources, there is a serious problem in the transport section between agglomerations due to the small possibility of interconnection and because of the independence of non-central networks but also because of the building amidst rampant. Direct effect is non-rational distribution of water while flexibility in cases of emergency (e.g. fire) is reduced.
A serious matter are old, but still usable parts of water suplly, which are constructed from asbestos tubes and iron tubes – since 1950, the replacement of which is essential. Apart from the quality of water that altered due to corrosion of materials, there are substantial losses of water, creating water supply problems. In contrast the parts of the water which have been replaced by plastic PVC tubes are not leaks or other construction problems. It is estimated that with time the network is observed approximately 30% loss rate. Pressure and problems only occur in areas with a high altitude. Generally, water needs are covered sufficiently during the winter months, while during the summer months according to the Parian DEYA is draft amendment of the network but not extended.
There are also many private wells on the island, legitimate or not, the number of which is very difficult to estimate, disrupting the water balance and water resource management planning.
It is worth to mention a special water collection system that works on Leukes. Seams traverse mountains to the settlement and interwork with conductors in series, with the latter leading to the settlement. The water of the novel is that rainwater filtered through the shale region.
The DEYA of Paros, apply repressive policy towards waste water, costing the available drinking water by putting in place prohibitive for consumption over 200 m3
So trying to restrict the consumption of which is not the first needs addressing. Also, we can say that all the accommodation units of Paros have biological treatment, reusing treated wasts for the irrigation needs, but also for their cleaning needs.
It also made efforts to inform and raise awareness of both residents and tourists about the need for rational management of water on an island that has limited water resources.
About the wetlands of the island is worth mentioning that in comparison with the other islands there are several and with remarkable concentration of fresh water, while birds such as Aegean gulls, asimoglaroi, kalikatsoynia, mayropetrites, michoi etc, find refuge. The most important wetlands are in the Bay of Naoussa two streams flowing into the sea, in Santa Maria, St. Antony, in Aluki, at Punta (opposite Antiparos), in Meadow (North of the port of PAROS Island, which is no longer active due to the housing exploitation) and Antiparos Kavouras area are two islets of important wetlands, who because of their position are protected from human activities.
4.2 Waste water management
Management of liquid waste
As regards the management of liquid waste, currently operate three water treatment plants (EEL) on Paros: the design of Marpissas, Parish and EEL Festival.
- Installation at Marpessa is located in the region \’ PAROS \’ Kaminaki, one and half kilometre from the Centre of the settlement and works biological cleaning of waste in the region (settlements Marpessa, Livadi, Logaras Beach, Punta) but also for the industrial units located there. It should be noted that the plant needs expansion due to increased tourist traffic in the summer but also in order to accommodate other settlements such as Kostos and Leukes. In the past for the decontamination of the waste water of purification plant system was Kostou, which had installed free of charge by the University in Italy, but after the third time collapse due to excessive concentration of ammonium, was abandoned. Unfortunately, in the region as in the Leukes, strong contamination due to local networks flowing in torrents.
- Then, under \’ Telegraph \’ of Paros, there is also facility with biological treatment which primarily serves the settlement of the Parikia but examined and possible expansion to serve and the settlement of \’ Kakapetra \’. Waste water after secondary chlwriwsi and deposited in the sea area through undersea tube.
- Finally, in the area \’ Dialiskari \’ of Paros and to serve the town of Naoussa, wastewater treatment facility also operates since 1994, with a capacity of 11,000 inhabitants.
- Also, another small unit the biological treatment plant is located in Archilocho and accommodates agglomerations Marbles and Forerunner. But it is to be decommissioned once most completed projects, sanitation and transportation of sewage in Marpissas EEL. (Gaϊtanis, 2007 GPS Paros Issue 1, 2009)
Generally the effluent disposed after secondary treatment and chlwriwsi to the sea, which allowed due to the fact that this island and their disposal is harmless to the recipient with a strong anti-pollution capacity.
The rest of the island and holiday homes on the island, absorbent home-cesspools, effectiveness of which is not easily verifiable, there is the risk of contamination of the groundwater aquifer by leaks raw sewage. Also it is nworth mentioning that there are houses that have systems whitch use activated carbon to ensure safe disposal or their use for irrigation and water aposmosi. (Gaϊtanis, 2007)
4.3 Waste management
Waste management (solid waste)
Uncontrolled collection of solid waste in landfills, without the necessary specifications, create outbreaks and impairing the aesthetic value of the place, while putting them on the wrong points increases the risk of contamination of the aquifers. The great tourist development of recent years, increases in pollution due to the many anthropogenic activities. The settlements with the \’ first \’ in the production of solid waste is Parikia and Naoussa and Back following the Meadow during the summer months. It is worth mentioning the fact that 87% of the waste of d. Paros produced during the summer and only 13% during the winter (c. c. p. Paros Issue 1, 2009: 128). Back to the tables below:
| Table Α.3.1.3.4.α: Annual waste production in Paros | |||
| Municipality of Paros | Waste tourism season (tn) | Απορρίμματα λοιπού χρόνου (tn) | Annual waste (tn) |
| Total | 9970 | 1500 | 11470 |
Overall, there are five rooms on Paros uncontrolled or imielegchomenis.
Initially, Uncontrolled Waste Disposal have in Delium, about five kilometers north of the Parikias, near the sanctuary of Dilioy Apollonos. This space for rent by the municipality of Paros and has an area of 15 acres. Is the place to collect all of the inert materials from construction and other work from around the island. The situation is aggravated further by waste scattered along the road towards the uncontrolles waste disposal but also by the fact that a large part of the waste reaches up to the coast. The crash is the only solution to solve social and environmental problems.
Approximately one kilometre south of the Marathioy is another uncontrolled waste disposal, very near the main roads of the island, with an area of two acres and is used by agglomerations Parikia and Marathi. There are problems in the area greatly due to the ongoing spontaneous ignition of waste tobacco which is often visible from the main road network. The guardian found in space simply whatches not to extend the fire outside the ypotypwdoys fence. Natural consequence of this situation is the protest of the inhabitants of the surrounding settlements as to the problems of tobacco added, strong odours and insects. The supersaturation of seriously threatens the region\’s groundwater.
Continuing, on the road to Sarakiniko, one kilometre from the village of Naoussa and covering the area of five square kilometres is the, Naoyssas. Metal objects, garbage muddle: even from outside the area, strong odours, insects and fumes that are visible even from the agglomeration of the Festival because of spontaneous ignition, compose a scene full of environmental degradation.
The …. Kostou of the settlement, is located in the 500 m settlement near land used for agricultural production and has an area of approximately one acre. The installation is limited to a simple hole with strong odours and insects, while rubbish spans the entire length of the road leading there.
Finally, Marpissas detected two kilometres southeast of the settlement and has approximately four acres with a minimal fence. From the new harbour settlement is perfectly visible and the settlement Back Meadow. (DAPHNE, 2007)
Today, Marathioy and Marpissas have stopped accepting waste while the function of …. Festival is being shut because of the opening of the center of the municipality of Paros (C. c. p. Paros Issue 1, 2009: 131)
Recycling
The municipality of Paros is very active in matters of recycling, despite its remoteness from the mainland Greece. Since 2002 is in progress (original pilot) program for recycling packaging materials (glass, plastic, cardboard, aluminium) collected from the special paint buckets which has placed the municipality, and transferred to a special area (Archilochus) where they are temporarily stored before being transported to recycling centres outside of Paro. It also operates recycling pilot project vehicles and end-of-life tyres, electrical appliances, iron objects and used motor oil, and even with great success. It is also successful and refuse collection and cooking oil from shops on the island for the purpose of sending them outside the island and eventually Renaissance-recycling, which has been operating since 2006 in cooperation with individual. (Paros Issue 1, 2009)
4.4 Energy management
Primary energy
In Naoussa operates autonomous production station which send energy around the island but also through the undersea link, Naxos Islands, Antiparos, Ios, Iraklia, Schoinoussa, koufonisi. (Paros Issue 1, 2009)
The quality of the supplied power is poor and unstable, due to the failure to connect the island with the Mainland network, which many times at peak leads to widespread power failures.
In 2003 there was a significant pollution problem due to leakage of lubricating oils by the power unit in Naoussa, which fortunately was unsuccessful, and it seems today, is efface.
Development of RES
As regards renewable energy sources (RES), use of the island is limited, but since 2001 it has a adeiodotithei aioliko Park, under the auspices of the renewables, total power 3 MW in the range Anafanides. Commissioning is an wind generator of OTE in Ag. pantes.
The following table shows the installed power from wind generators.
| ΠΙΝΑΚΑΣ Α.3.3.5.2 – Εγκατεστημένη ισχύς αιολικών πάρκων | |||
| Ιδιοκτησία | Θέση | Πλήθος Α/Γ | Εγκατεστημένη ισχύς |
| ΟΤΕ | Άγ. Πάντες | 1 | 110 kW |
| ΔΕΗ Ανανεώσιμες ΑΕ | Αναφανίδες | 3 | 3 MW |
ΠΗΓΗ: ΓΠΣ Πάρου Τεύχος 1 (2009)
Despite the operation of these units do not have a specific plan to install the unit electricity from RES, despite the proposals after the law 3329/2007. The particular difficulty for the development of EIA on the island, due to two main factors:
- A) The fact that the network of Paros is not connected to the network of mainland Greece. The seasonality of demand for electricity, due to tourist traffic, creates problems and makes it necessary for disposing of surplus energy to host national network or vice versa in cases of lack of the island. Non-competitive selection of Paros for investment unit and installation of energy production from RES, due to the small market, it opens the door to the EIA.
- B)The fact that while installing wind generators, a question of environmental compatibility with the character of the island (it is designated as a place of Great Natural Beauty) and also the production of energy from the air and the Sun, through the installation of photovoltaic arrays, it is not a reliable source in times of ninemias or synnefias. (Paros Issue 1, 2009)
Despite the overall situation, there are individuals with residential and hotel units that have systems of energy production from RES linked or not to PPC network. Some of these are a combination of solar energy, wind and conventional petroleum systems, hybrid, while others are purely solar. Autonomous systems usually store energy in batteries during periods of intense sunlight and wind. The hotel units, however, covered only a part of the required energy from RES as their needs are very high.
It is worth mentioning two houses where the first has a geothermal pump while the second, in which they reside and 5 covers the needs of people, exclusively from EIA. (Gaϊtanis, 2007)
4.5 Transport schemes
Road Network
Paros has one of the most modern road networks in the Cyclades, refurbished since 2003 in response to the devastating floods that struck the island. The main roads connecting the major settlements of the village but also the tourist developed villages in Parikia and Naousa but also between them. The secondary roads connect villages and beaches on the main road network.
The main road network deletes a circle around the perimeter of the island connecting directly or via small overrides agglomerations Parikia, Punta, Salina, airport, Aggairia, white Village, Dryo, Livadi, Marpessa, Foreshadowing, Isterni, Ampela, Naoussa.
The secondary road network includes roads:
- Naousa – Santa Maria
- Naousa – Kolympithres
- Naousa – Ambelas
- Forerunner – Marble – Marpessa-Back Livadi – Logaras Beach
- Forerunner – Marble – Mwlos
- Poplars – All Saints
- Parikia – Arches
- Parikia – Butterflies
- Punta-Boytakos – Salina
KTEL bus routes link Parikia and Naousa with all agglomerations of the village, as happens in the rest of Greece, the service is more frequent during the summer and less in the winter (1-2 hours). In Parikia, hybrid bus runs a circular route via all important places of the city to better serve citizens.
Maritime Transport
The port of Paros island is located in Parikia and has depth exceeds 15 metres. The island is connected with Piraeus ferry on a daily basis, while the latter established and routes from Rafina and Lavrio, at least during the summer months.
Paros, due to its strategic position in the Cycladic Island complex, connected with most of the other islands of Cyclades and the Dodecanese, and the East Aegean, Thessaloniki and Crete, managed to become an important aktoploϊko node on the Southern Aegean. During the summer is also linked to Turkey and Italy, and since 2002 has begun to work, and the second commercial port of the island, at the Meadow, which is connected by ferries to Crete through high-speed and with the rest of the Cyclades with small ships.
Air Transport
Paros airport is located on the South-West side of the island, near the village of Salina. The existing infrastructure of the airport include:
- Lane-length 710 m (with belts 770 m) with direction North – South (18-36)
- floor apron 4.275 m2, for 2 DORNIER aircraft parking positions
- building the Terminal 265 m2
- fwtosimansi of the corridor
- siding, fences and other support facilities
The existing runway is propeller-driven DORNIER aircraft, small radius of action and capacity of 18 positions of Olympic Airlines, or propeller-driven private companies.
In terms of routes and Paros is air only with \’ El. Venizelos \’ airport of Athens, with flights operated by Olympic Airlines lasting 45 minutes, and whose frequency varies considerably depending on demand, between summer and winter. In winter there is a route, while in the summer three a day.
In the following tables presents recent statistics on annual and monthly traffic of passengers at the airport in Paro.
AIR – PASSENGERS from ATHENS to PAROS
| Month | 2001 Departures | 2002 Departures | 2003 Departures | 2004 Departures | 2005 Departures | 2006 Departures |
| 1 | 101 | 99 | 430 | 690 | 701 | |
| 2 | 200 | 175 | 508 | 672 | 886 | |
| 3 | 36 | 234 | 269 | 620 | 1014 | 1010 |
| 4 | 955 | 358 | 720 | 1348 | 1580 | 1855 |
| 5 | 1324 | 505 | 1079 | 1956 | 2110 | 2411 |
| 6 | 1531 | 657 | 1348 | 2128 | 2404 | 2830 |
| 7 | 1491 | 650 | 1426 | 2631 | 2554 | 2779 |
| 8 | 1545 | 758 | 2278 | 2606 | 2662 | 2803 |
| 9 | 1475 | 667 | 1961 | 2297 | 2245 | 2543 |
| 10 | 840 | 348 | 1087 | 1551 | 1646 | 1782 |
| 11 | 199 | 146 | 445 | 678 | 579 | 754 |
| 12 | 179 | 113 | 451 | 665 | 623 | 738 |
| TOTAL | 9575 | 4737 | 11338 | 17418 | 18779 | 21092 |
AIR – PASSENGERS from PAROS to ATHENS
| Month | 2001 Arrivals | 2002 Arrivals | 2003 Arrivals | 2004 Arrivals | 2005 Arrivals | 2006 Arrivals |
| 1 | 153 | 146 | 581 | 713 | 744 | |
| 2 | 230 | 219 | 536 | 683 | 876 | |
| 3 | 80 | 254 | 306 | 657 | 877 | 995 |
| 4 | 960 | 373 | 604 | 1186 | 1281 | 1464 |
| 5 | 1288 | 403 | 1023 | 1497 | 1753 | 1834 |
| 6 | 1565 | 764 | 1384 | 1681 | 1681 | 1977 |
| 7 | 1075 | 790 | 1458 | 1754 | 1688 | 1900 |
| 8 | 1272 | 891 | 1735 | 1798 | 1839 | 1865 |
| 9 | 1171 | 792 | 1681 | 1873 | 1664 | 1723 |
| 10 | 963 | 608 | 1352 | 1719 | 1679 | 1782 |
| 11 | 211 | 287 | 612 | 816 | 602 | 868 |
| 12 | 226 | 129 | 545 | 800 | 676 | 802 |
| TOTAL | 8811 | 5674 | 11065 | 14898 | 15136 | 16857 |
5. Cultural Heritage
5.1 Archaeology
The archeological findings located on the island, demonstrate the importance of Paros in the history of the Aegean Sea. One of the most significant archeological sights, the castle is situated in the capital and main port of the island, Parikia. Built in the 13th century BC by the Venetian Duke of Naxos Sanoydo and the cooperation of architectures coming from Demetra’s ancient temple, it has been the centre of Paroikias until today. Remarkable is the fact that during the years in various sections of the castle were added parts of temples coming from different eras and churches of different ages and styles.
A considerable part of the unique temple in honor of Athena is saved and still located on the hill of the castle. Nonetheless, the architecture Professor at the University of Munich, G. Grubben, has discovered that there were two other archaic and two classic style temples in the area, pieces of which are incorporated in various modern houses of the community. (Source: 7 ημέρες, καθημερινή, τόμος ΙΗ’, ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ)
Substantial is the building of the Church of Agios Konstantinos, which stands for the wooden temple and the Postbyzantine icons, located to the place of the ancient Sanctuary. The same applies to other small chapels such as the Madonna of the cross, Saint Anne, Saint Mark and Saint Stylianos found in the walls of the Castle. (travel guide)
It is worth mentioning the first Cycladic settlement, large part of which survives on the Hill of the Castle. Furthermore, findings regarding other settlements are seen in the northern part of the island, close to Naoussa, on Koukounaries’ hill. A commonplace to point out is the fact that settlements were used to be build in the same locations, resulting the loss of previous ones.
Also important is the Kefalo’s hill, located east of Marpissa, where the ruins of the Venetian castle and the now – failed – state, are saved. Built in the 15th century to a strategically important point – following the general Venetian tactic; it is of great historical meaning since the Venetian domination on the island ended here, with the siege of the Castle and the Venetian followers of Lord Somarippa, by the Ottoman Hayreddin Barbarossa in 1537.
Relatively recent archaeological investigations (1983) near the harbor, revealed the existence of an important cemetery that functioned for six centuries (8th century BC to 2nd century BC). Many graves, of different kinds and times included in the findings, while the most notable of these is a Polyandrion, i.e. a men’s tomb, which dates back to the end of the Geometric Age. The numbers of vessels, particularly amphorae, located in the polyandry’s trapezoidal pit – heroes out of various signs – indicate that these men had been killed in the area, apparently during an embroilment, and people honored them with proffers for at least two centuries. During this period, a headstone height 2,5 m was also erected.
Another remarkable monument is the Asklepion, the place of worship of God physician Asclepius. From the sanctuary, only the foundations remained. It was situated at St. Anna near a spring water source, since water was indispensable during the ceremonies in his honor. The foundation is dated back in the 4th century BC (Kourayios, 2004). Characteristic of the temple of Asclepius is its construction with the white marble of Paros. At about the same location on the south of Parikia, in St. Anna area remains of a small temple dedicated to the Pythio Apollo were also found.
At the top of the hill, north of Parikia, one can find the remains of the temple dedicated to the Delian Apollo and his sister Artemis. Following a simple design, a sanctuary dedicated to Apollo was founded around the 9th to 8th century. In the beginning of the 5th century, a small Temple was built to replace the older one of the 6th century, whereas at its right an altar dedicated to Artemis was added. The sanctuary was built in such a way so that believers could have a view of Delos – the sacred island of Apollo – similarly with the temple of Apollo in Naxos, Portara (Kourayios, 2004).
In the location of Tholos, near the archaeological museum, a laboratory complex of sculpture was excavated. Nearby, a pottery workshop was also discovered; consisted of five ovens, two tanks for the preparation of the clay and various utility rooms (Kourayios, 2004).
Moreover, some orthodox, Christian monuments located on the island should be noted, starting from the Church of Panagia of Ekatontapylianis (or Katapolianis). The temple is one of the greatest monuments not only of Paros but the whole of Greece, and is dedicated to the Assumption of Mary. The exact date of erection is not explicitly documented, but archaeological research in conjunction with historical data place it in the 4th century AD, while it was apparently constructed by Constantine the Great, in an attempt to fulfill the pledged of his mother, St. Elenis. The church was an aisle cruciform basilica, which was destroyed by any cause (fire most likely) and reconstructed by Justinian in the 6th century with the new pace of his era: with dome and cupola. Over the centuries there have been many alterations and additions throughout the Church to come in its present form. Thus, the sculptural decoration of the whole building complex is not of similar age or of the same style. The sculptures that adorn the temple are either ancient or Christian. E.g. the marble capstone of the altar (ciborium) is based on four ancient columns. Also on site are preserved frescoes and several icons. The image of the Virgin Mary is one of the very good samples of art as well as a greater number of images that have been found, dating back to the 17th century. Finally, the building complex of Ekatontapylianis, includes the church of St. Nicolas, the Church of Panagia and the baptistery, which are early Christian buildings, and there are post – Byzantine churches in the complex such as the church of St. Theodosia and St. Demetrius. (Source: TH.CHR. Aliprantis, The Ekatontapyliani of Paros Want / WIN 1998).
The same area also houses the Byzantine Museum, which contains exhibits of religious icons, woodcarvings, vestments and silverwork from the Byzantineand Ottoman domination periods. This very rich collection that started up in the 20th century, includes works from many different churches in the territory of the island (Paros guidebook, 2008: 93).
Equally important is the archaeological museum in Parikia. It hosts approximately 1960 works on display in chronological order, and range from Prehistoric to Roman times, while architectural fragments from the ancient town of Paros are placed in the courtyard of the Museum. From the exhibits of the museum, three statues stand that depict the mythical monster Gorgon, the only statue of Victory that represents visual arts and the marble statue of Artemis which was originally in the temple at Delion. There are also findings from the recent discovery of the temple of Apollo at Despotiko (a small island between Paros and Antiparos). Finally, among the findings there are representative ceramic pieces of each era (Paros guidebook 2008, pp 92-93).
On the island there are also many folklore museums, where the objects and photographs outline the lives and occupations of the inhabitants. Objects from the rural and maritime life of Paro have an honorary position, while specifically in the historical and Folklore Museum – the “Otto Kapari” collection, includes a remarkable record of lively picture of the life in Naousa in 1950. Folk museums exist in Marpessa, Naoussa and Leukes (managed by the cultural Association \”Iria\”). Important is the Museum of Cycladic Folklore of M. Skiadas \’Scorpios\’ where projects of himself are exhibited. (Paros guidebook 2008, pp. 94, 96, 97)
Finally, in Naoussa Gallery Post Byzantine Icons from 1997 on the beds of St. Athanasius, there are many artifacts from churches and monasteries in the region. The collection also includes detached hagiographies.
5.2 History of the area
Paros, like the other islands of the Cyclades, has experienced during its long history flourishing periods (mainly based on the famous Pariano marble), but also periods of decline, that included wars, looting, enslavement and destruction. Due to its strategic geographical location, it has been an important naval station of the Minoans, the Persians, the Athenian, the Venetians, the Ottomans, the Russians, but also the base for pirates. Thus, the island met many remarkable civilizations, has influence and been influenced; its rich history has therefore shaped both the natural environment and culture of its inhabitants.
Since it has been inhabited from the prehistoric years, Paros was one of the centers of the Cycladic culture. Later it was an important station of the Minoan Empire; being one of the principal transit and military centers of the Minoans, they named it Minoa (Honorary title at a Royal City).
Forced to flee because of the Dorian Invation, the Ionians arrived in Paros around 1100 BC, extinguished and replaced the Cretans, until a bit later, when Arcadians who were also displaced by the Dorians led by Paros, settled on the island giving it its present name. At that time, and until the Hellenistic period, the island experienced a period of great artistic and economic prosperity, mainly due to the famous Parian marbles. The population increased while by controlling the marine streets of the North, the Parians served to piracy, not omitting to establish and colonies such as
During the Persian Wars, the locals were drawn with the Persians against Athens, until forced to join the Athenian Alliance by the Athenian fleet under Themistocles in 378 BC. During the classical era, the Parian marbles became one of the most sought after materials for architecture and sculpture (Characteristic, the Hermes of Praxiteles at Olympia and the Venus de Milo among others were of Parian Marble) and inevitably the marble quarries on the island became the main pillar of the economy and life of the island. Subsequently, Paros came in possession of the Macedonians, Ptolemies and then the Romans, through which arrived and Christianity on the island around the second century.
Having experienced looting by the Goths (267 AC) and the Slavs (675 AC), Paros has experienced great prosperity under the Byzantine Domination, focusing on the Temple of Ekatontapilianis which was induced to have kolligous many inhabitants of the island (called “Paroikoi”; hence “Parikia”)
In 1207 the island came under the Venetian rule, under Marko Sanudo and later the Sommaripes, also was part of the Duchy of the Aegean. The Parian marble returned to the economic fore during the Frankish era, and during the 15th century Parikia flourished because to trade (Gaϊtanis, 2007: 14).
In 1537 the Venetian domination of Paros ended, and the Ottoman sovereignty over the island has begun, with its capture and looting by Hayreddin Barbarossa. In the 17th century, Paros became a great pirate base up until the early 18th century, when the Ottomans were able to reduce piracy and deploy a naval station for their fleet. The island became a permanent station of the Russian fleet during the Russian Turkish wars of 1770-1777, and had an active role during the Revolution of 1821, being the base of Mantos Mavrogennous (but also her last home, after the liberation).
After the “Asia Minor Disaster” [Mikrasiatiki katastrofi] and the exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey under the Treaty of Lausanne, Paros was a host venue for the refugees and has experienced great cultural and economic prosperity that lasted until the war of 1940. After the liberation, there was a strong trend of migration from the island towards the major urban centers of Greece, a tendency that seems to be reversed in recent years.
6. Stakeholder Participation
The main professional associations operating on the island are:
Agricultural Cooperative of Paroikia (415 members)
Agricultural Cooperative of Naousa (74 members)
Agricultural Cooperative of Marpissa (108 members)
Agricultural Cooperative of Leukon (71 members)
Agricultural Cooperative of Marmara (89 members)
Agricultural Cooperative of Agkairia (113 members)
Agricultural Cooperative of Aspro Chorio (50 members)
Agricultural Cooperative of Kostou (85 members)
Dairy Cooperative of Prodromos (39 members)
Middle Fisheries Association of Naousa (Purse-Seiners)
Coastal Fishing Association of Naousa (Boats)
Beekeepers Association (45 – 50 members)
Association of Rooms to Let Paros – Antiparos «Manto Mavrogenous»
Association of Rented Rooms – Apartments Marpissa «O Glaros»
Association of Rented Rooms – Appartments Naousa « O Filoxenos Dias»
Hotel Owners’ Association «O Xenios Zeys»
Professionals’ Association of Southeast Paros «O Thalassitis»
Association of Rented Rooms – Apartments – Villas Paros – Antiparos \”Poseidon\”
Existing Sports andCultural Clubs in Paros:
Educational, Sports and Cultural Association «Marpissaikos»
Educational, Sports and Cultural Association «Nireas»
Educational, Sports and Cultural Association «Kostou»
Sports Club of Paros
Sports Association of Amateur Karate Shorinji Ryū – Wado
Educational, Sports and Cultural Association of Marmara, Paros «O Asteras»
Paros Nautical Club (PNC)
Cultural Association «Archilochus»
Music-Dance Band – Theatrical Group \”NAOUSSA PAROY\”
Dancing Club of Naoussa
Cultural Association of Prodromos «Skopas o Parios»
Embellishing Cultural Association of Kamares
Cultural Association Agkairias
Club Leykianwn \”Yria»
Club \”Friends of Dryou\”
Embellishing Cultural Association of Marathiou – Vounion «St. Minas»
Cultural Association of Aspro Chorio «Atlantis»
Club \”I Kolympithres\”
OtherAssociations operating on the island:
Animal Protection Association of Paros «Paws»
Wildlife Care Association «Alkioni»
Women\’s Club of Naousa, Paros
Women\’s Club of Marpissas, Paros
Association of Friends of Public Library of Paros
(Source: Μελέτη ΓΠΣ Πάρου, 2009: 92)
7. Legislation / Policy Issue
In Paros several settlements have been described as \”traditional\” by presidential decree, which means that there are strict limitations on the building allowed on them.
More specifically, the Presidential Mandate 19-10-1978 (GN. 594/Δ), «on the characterization as Traditional Settlements and setting of the conditions and restrictions of construction on these building plots», has been assigned the designation \’ traditional \’ in the following settlements:
- Paros (Paroikia)
- Naousa
- Kostos
- Λεύκες, του Δ.Δ. Λευκών
- Μάρμαρα, του Δ.Δ. Αρχιλόχου
- Μάρπησσα (Τσιπιδος), του Δ.Δ. Μάρπησσας
- Πρόδρομος (Δραγουλάς), του Δ.Δ. Αρχιλόχου
and conditions and restrictions of land building have been established.
The Presidential Mandate (ΦΕΚ 345/Δ/2-6-89) set specific conditions and limitations for settlement building, which were characterised as traditional in the above Presidential Mandate.
Additionally, with the Presidential Mandate (ΦΕΚ -504/Δ/14-7-88) were assigned as traditional, within their maximum extent, as determined by applicable law, the settlements:
- Agkairia
- Marathi
- Isterni
With the same Presidential Mandate the terms and restrictions of building plots were established.
(Πηγή: ΓΠΣ Πάρου Τεύχος 1, 2009: 165)
Rural Priority/Fishing
According to Regional Framework of Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development Region of Southern Aegean, Paros is included in the main priority rural areas and is also proposed the creation of the island County Planning & Development initiatives for fishing (proposed 2 centres on Kalymnos and Paros).
The Regional Framework of Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development Region of Southern Aegean proposed in Paros creating organised development area for mineral and quarry activities (article 10 N. 2095/99) and establishment of areas:
«…In the areas of the NATURA 2000 network, featured Landscapes of particular Natural beauty and other areas with increased interest regarding the natural environment and landscape, is required as a priority scheme through enactment of protective provisions or n.1650/86 or n. 2508/97. Then control bodies will set up and installed for the management of protected areas ..». (Γ.Π.Σ Πάρου Τεύχος 1, 2009: 94).
8. Issues and Challenges
Within the limits of the municipality in Paros there is no organized industrial or craft zone. As a result of this phenomenon, craft industry and workshops coexist with commercial uses, recreational and tourist facilities. Also scattered agricultural and animal husbandry storage facilities are recorded throughout the municipality.
Control Housing Areas
On Paros two Control Housing Zones have been established by Presidential Mandate the CHZ of Saint Phocas and CHZ \”Kolympithres\” of Naousas. Within these zones apply strict control on land use standards, the lower limit for fragmentation and building restrictions.